NASA’s website has a lot of good information on the science of Climate change:
http://climate.nasa.gov/evidence/
In 2013, NASA published an Article with a detail description of the extend of Arctic Sea Ice melt.
An unrecognizable Arctic:
http://climate.nasa.gov/news/958/an-unrecognizable-arctic/
Extracts from the article:
For the first half of the 20th century, sea ice cover in the Arctic was steady and reliable, growing to 15 million sq km (5.8 million sq miles) every March and melting to 7 million sq km (2.7 million sq miles) each September, as temperatures followed the seasons.
However, all that is changing.
Over the last 11 years, summer Arctic ice coverage has dropped dramatically. The Arctic September minimum extent reached a new record low [4] in 2012 of 3.6 million sq km (1.4 million sq miles), 44 percent below the 1981-2010 average and 16 percent below the previous record in 2007[5]. The last six years (2007-2012) have seen the six lowest minimum extents in the satellite record (since 1979)
[ From 7 million sq km to 3.6 million sq km, almost 50% of Arctic ice is gone.]
Dr Ron Kwok, NASA Senior research Scientist, mention that, “All climate models are projecting an ice-free summer within the next 20 years or so. It’s not very far away.”
Scientists are projecting that we may have an Ice-Free summer in the next 20 years or so. ( 2013 + 20 = 2033 )
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The complete loss of sea ice (Ice-free summer) has major effects on ocean Ecosystem. An Ice-free summer means that there is no ice to reflect sunlight back into space, exposing the ocean to absorb the sunlight, which further warms the ocean.
[ Arctic Sea ice reflects about 80% of the sun’s heat.
When Arctic Ice shrinks, it exposes the ocean which will absorb the sunlight. This causes the ocean to warm faster and melts more ice. This is a vicious feedback cycle. ]
In 2009, Mr Al Gore has warned that if we wait until the Arctic is Ice-free to solve the climate issue, it is going to be TWICE as Difficult as it is now. ( And it is already very tough now to solve the issue.)
Let’s do all we can to reduce green house gas emissions to preserve the Arctic Ice for the stability of our Climate.
…………
Updates in 2016:
Arctic sea ice annual minimum ties second lowest on record
http://climate.nasa.gov/news/2496/arctic-sea-ice-annual-minimum-ties-second-lowest-on-record/
In Sep 2016, Arctic sea ice is 4.14 million sq km.
(compared to 7 million sq km in the 1950s and 3.6 million sq km (lowest record) in 2012.)
2016 Arctic sea ice minimum extent is effectively tied with 2007 for the second lowest yearly minimum in the satellite record. (It is the 2nd lowest since records begin.)